Frequently Asked Questions
pKa Value and Buffer Range of important Biological Buffers sorted alphabetically
 
buffer  pKa 25°C  effective pH range 
 
ACES 6.78 6.1-7.5
acetate 4.76 3.6-5.6
ADA 6.59 6.0-7.2
ammonium hydroxide 9.25 8.8-9.9
AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) 9.69 8.7-10.4
AMPD (2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol) 8.8 7.8-9.7
AMPSO 9 8.3-9.7
BES 7.09 6.4-7.8
BICINE 8.26 7.6-9.0
bis-tris 6.46 5.8-7.2
BIS-TRIS propane 6.80, 9.00 6.3-9.5
borate 9.23, 12.74, 13.80 8.5-10.2
CABS 10.7 10.0-11.4
cacodylate 6.27 5.0-7.4
CAPS 10.4 9.7-11.1
CAPSO 9.6 8.9-10.3
carbonate (pK1) 6.35 6.0-8.0
carbonate (pK2) 10.33 9.5-11.1
CHES 9.5 8.6-10.0
citrate (pK1) 3.13 2.2-6.5
citrate (pK2) 4.76 3.0-6.2
citrate (pK3) 6.4 5.5-7.2
DIPSO 7.52 7.0-8.2
EPPS, HEPPS 8 7.6-8.6
ethanolamine 9.5 6.0-12.0
formate 3.75 3.0-4.5
glycine (pK1) 2.35 2.2-3.6
glycine (pK2) 9.78 8.8-10.6
glycylglycine (pK1) 3.14 2.5-3.8
glycylglycine (pK2) 8.25 7.5-8.9
HEPBS 8.3 7.6-9.0
HEPES 7.48 6.8-8.2
HEPPSO 7.85 7.1-8.5
histidine 1.70, 6.04, 9.09 5.5-7.4
hydrazine 8.1 7.5-10.0
imidazole 6.95 6.2-7.8
malate (pK1) 3.4 2.7-4.2
malate (pK2) 5.13 4.0-6.0
maleate (pK1) 1.97 1.2-2.6
maleate (pK2) 6.24 5.5-7.2
MES 6.1 5.5-6.7
methylamine 10.66 9.5-11.5
MOBS 7.6 6.9-8.3
MOPS 7.14 6.5-7.9
MOPSO 6.87 6.2-7.6
phosphate (pK1) 2.15 1.7-2.9
phosphate (pK2) 7.2 5.8-8.0
phosphate (pK3) 12.33  
piperazine (pK1) 5.33 5.0-6.0
piperazine (pK2) 9.73 9.5-9.8
piperidine 11.12 10.5-12.0
PIPES 6.76 6.1-7.5
POPSO 7.78 7.2-8.5
propionate 4.87 3.8-5.6
pyridine 5.23 4.9-5.9
pyrophosphate 0.91, 2.10, 6.70, 9.32 7.0-9.0
succinate (pK1) 4.21 3.2-5.2
succinate (pK2) 5.64 5.5-6.5
TABS 8.9 8.2-9.6
TAPS 8.4 7.7-9.1
TAPSO 7.61 7.0-8.2
taurine (AES) 9.06 8.4-9.6
TES 7.4 6.8-8.2
tricine 8.05 7.4-8.8
triethanolamine (TEA) 7.76 7.0-8.3
Trizma (tris) 8.06 7.5-9.0